1. What language is used by Cucumber?
Gherkin is the language that is used by the Cucumber tool. It is a simple English representation
of the application behavior. Gherkin language uses several keywords to describe the behavior of
applications such as Feature, Scenario, Scenario Outline, Given, When, Then, etc.
2. What is meant by a feature file?
A feature file must provide a high-level description of an Application Under Test (AUT). The first
line of the feature file must start with the keyword ‘Feature’ followed by the description of the
application under test.
A feature file may include multiple scenarios within the same file.
A feature file has the extension .feature.
3. What are the various keywords that are used in Cucumber for writing a scenario?
Mentioned below are the keywords that are used for writing a scenario:
Given
When
Then
And
4. What is the purpose of a Scenario Outline in Cucumber?
Scenario outline is a way of parameterization of scenarios. This is ideally used when the same
scenario needs to be executed for multiple sets of data, however, the test steps remain the same.
Scenario Outline must be followed by the keyword ‘Examples’, which specify the set of values for
each parameter.
5. What programming language is used by Cucumber?
Cucumber tool provides support for multiple programming languages such as Java, .Net, Ruby etc.
It can also be integrated with multiple tools such as Selenium, Capybara, etc.
6. What is the purpose of the Step Definition file in Cucumber?
A step definition file in Cucumber is used to segregate the feature files from the underlying code.
Each step of the feature file can be mapped to a corresponding method on the Step Definition file.
While feature files are written in an easily understandable language like, Gherkin, Step Definition files
are written in programming languages such as Java, .Net, Ruby, etc.
7. What is the purpose of the Behaviour Driven Development (BDD) methodology in the real world?
BDD is a methodology to understand the functionality of an application in the simple plain text representation.
The main aim of the Behavior Driven Development framework is to make various project roles such as
Business Analysts, Quality Assurance, Developers, Support Teams understand the application without diving
deep into the technical aspects.
8. What is the limit for the maximum number of scenarios that can be included in the feature file?
A feature file can contain a maximum of 10 scenarios, but the number can vary from project to project
and from one organization to another. But it is generally advisable to limit the number of scenarios
included in the feature file.
9. What is the use of Background keyword in Cucumber?
Background keyword is used to group multiple given statements into a single group. This is generally
used when the same set of given statements are repeated in each scenario of the feature file.
10. What symbol is used for parameterization in Cucumber?
Pipe symbol (|) is used to specify one or more parameter values in a feature file.
11. What is the purpose of Examples keyword in Cucumber?
Examples keyword is used to specify values for each parameter used in the scenario. Scenario Outline
keyword must always be followed by the keyword Examples.
12. What is the file extension for a feature file?
File Extension for a feature file is .feature. A feature file is ideally written in a notepad file and
is saved with the extension feature.
13. What is the purpose of the Cucumber Options tag?
Cucumber Options tag is used to provide a link between the feature files and step definition files. Each
step of the feature file is mapped to a corresponding method on the step definition file.
Below is the syntax of Cucumber Options tag:
@CucumberOptions(features="Features",glue={"StepDefinition"})
14. How can Cucumber be integrated with Selenium WebDriver?
Cucumber can be integrated with the Selenium Webdriver by downloading the necessary JAR files.
Given below are the list of JAR files that are to be downloaded for using Cucumber with Selenium web driver:
cucumber-core-1.2.2.jar
cucumber-java-1.2.2.jar
cucumber-junit-1.2.2.jar
cucumber-jvm-deps-1.0.3.jar
cucumber-reporting-0.1.0.jar
gherkin-2.12.2.jar
15. When is Cucumber used in real-time?
Cucumber tool is generally used in real-time to write acceptance tests for an application. It is generally
used by non-technical people such as Business Analysts, Functional Testers, etc.
16. What is the name of the plugin that is used to integrate Eclipse with Cucumber?
Cucumber Natural Plugin is the plugin that is used to integrate Eclipse with Cucumber.
17. What is the meaning of the TestRunner class in Cucumber?
TestRunner class is used to provide the link between the feature file and the step definition file
The next question provides a sample representation of how the TestRunner class will look like.
A TestRunner class is generally an empty class with no class definition.
18. What is the starting point of execution for feature files?
When integrated with Selenium, the starting point of execution must be from the TestRunner class.
19. Should any code be written within the TestRunner class?
No code should be written under the TestRunner class. It should include the tags @RunWith and @CucumberOptions.
20. What is the use of features property under the Cucumber Options tag?
Features property is used to let the Cucumber framework identify the location of the feature files.
21. What is the use of glue property under the Cucumber Options tag?
Glue property is used to let the Cucumber framework identify the location of step definition files.
22. What are the two files required to execute a Cucumber test scenario?
Two files required to execute a Cucumber test scenario are:
Features
Step Definition
23. What are the differences between Jbehave and Cucumber?
Although Cucumber and Jbehave are meant for the same purpose, acceptance tests are completely
different frameworks
Jbehave is pure Java-based and Cucumber is Ruby-based.
Jbehave are based on stories while Cucumber is based on features.
24. Explain test harness.
A test harness for Cucumber and rspec allows for separating responsibility between setting up the context
and interacting with the browser and cleaning up the step definition files.
25. When to use Rspec and when to use Cucumber?
Rspec is used for Unit Testing.
Cucumber is used for Behavior-driven development. Cucumber can be used for System and Integration Tests.
26. What software do you need to run a Cucumber Web Test cases? ↑
Ruby and its Development Kit
Cucumber
IDE like ActiveState
Watir ( To simulate browser)
Ansicon and rspec (if required)
27. What is Selenium? ↑
Selenium is an automation tool which is a widely used tool for Functional Testing of the web-based
application. Selenium supports different language like ruby, java, python C#, etc.
28. Why use Cucumber with Selenium?
Cucumber and Selenium are two popular technologies. Many organizations use Selenium for functional
testing. These organizations which are using Selenium want to integrate Cucumber with Selenium as
Cucumber helps you to read and to understand the application flow.
29. What is a test framework?
In general, a framework is an entity which binds several modules in a logical sequence to cover the
end-to-end flows of an application. The objective of investing in a framework is to test a product
which has a recurring roadmap and regular release cycle.
30. List down the mobile device which Selenium supports.
1) It supports Safari browser via a third-party driver. It is experimental and comes with limited
functionality.
2) It provides an Android driver to run tests on its native mobile browser.
31. What are before, after, beforeStep and afterStep hooks?
1) Before: executes before the feature file execution.
2) After: executes after the feature file execution.
3) BeforeStep: executes before each step execution.
4) AfterStep: executes after each step execution.
32. What is the purpose of cucumber dry-run?
We use to compile the cucumber feature files and step definitions. If there occur any
compilation errors, then it shows them on the console.
33. What do you think when is cucumber used in real-time?
Cucumber tool is normally used in real-time to mark receipt tests for an application
It is normally used by non-technical people such as Functional testers, Business analysts etc.
34. Define regular expressions.
A regular expression is a pattern recounting a definite amount of text. The essential regular
expression consists of a single literal character.
35. State any three popular BDD testing tools.
The three popular BDD testing tools are:
Specflow
JBehave
Cucumber
36. Name the two main purpose of using Gherkin.
Automated tests
Documentation
37. What Is Profile In Cucumber?
We can create Cucumber profiles to run specific features and step definitions.
We can use following command to execute a cucumber profile cucumber features -p
Ex: cucumber features -p regression
38. What are cucumber tags? And why do we use them?
Cucumber tags help in filtering the scenarios. We can tag the scenarios and then run them based on tags.
We can add tags to scenarios with the <@> symbol.
We can use the following command to run a cucumber tagged scenario.
cucumber features -t @
Example: cucumber features -t @test
39. Full form of TDD.
TDD stands for Test Driven Development.
40. What is the difference between cucumber, JBehave, and Specflow?
Cucumber is a Ruby based framework.
JBehave is a JAVA based framework.
Specflow is a .NET based framework.
41. What is the difference between Given, When, Then steps in feature file?
Given defines the context of the scenario.
When defines the actions of the scenario.
Then defines the outcome of the scenario.
42. Cucumber Tags are case sensitive. True or False?
TRUE
43. Name any two build management tools that can be integrated with Cucumber?
Gradle
Maven
44. Name any two testing framework that can be integrated with Cucumber?
JUnit
TestNG
45. Name any advanced framework design that can be used with Cucumber?
Page Object Model
Log4j
Extent Reporting
Dependency Injection (Example: Pico Container)
Object Repository